POLICE ASSOCIATION OF NOVA SCOTIA 93 Effects of Child Abuse continued Regressive behavior Regressive behavior can occur when a child regresses to an earlier developmental stage emotionally, socially, or behaviorally. Wanting a bottle or pacifier after they have already been weaned off themmay be one example of regressive behavior. Age regression can occur in people of all ages. Separation anxiety disorder Preschool-aged children may develop separation anxiety disorder as a result of abuse and neglect. Symptoms of this disorder can include constantly shadowing a caretaker around the house, as well as stomachaches and dizziness in anticipation of separation. Low self-esteem People abused as children may develop low self-worth. They may internalize the abuse and believe they caused or deserve it. These interpretations of incompetence and shame can carry into adulthood and become long-term effects of child abuse and neglect. Risky behavior Teenagers may start to engage in unsafe sex or start misusing substances as a result of abuse or neglect from loved ones. They may also start fights in school or bully others. Possible signs of emotional, physical, psychological mistreatment and trauma in children Many people abused as children feel afraid to tell someone about the situation. This may stem from shame or confusion. It could also occur if the abuser is a parent or trusted adult. That’s why it can be so important to remain aware and alert for signs of child abuse in anyone under your care. Common red flags of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect may include: • Unexplained injuries • Sexual behavior or knowledge that is inappropriate for their age • Depression • Low attendance in school • Poor hygiene You may also notice disturbing behavior from the children’s parents when they are around. This can include verbal abuse, a lack of concern for their children’s well-being, and even physical abuse. While child health experts generally condemn the use of any kind of violence, some people still use corporal punishment to discipline their children. Types of child abuse • Child abuse can take many forms. Some of them may even occur at the same time. They may include the following: • Physical abuse: Hitting, punching, and choking can be several examples of physical abuse. Anything that puts a child in harm’s way or that is meant to physically injure them is typically considered physical abuse. • Sexual abuse: Sexual abuse generally includes any form of sexual activity with a child. • Emotional abuse: Emotional abuse, such as verbal assault or ignoring a child, can negatively affect self-esteem and emotional well-being. continued
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